Sanjaay Gowda T S
All company profiles

COMPANY CONTEXT / 67 IN THE STUDY LIST

International Business Machines Corporation

Information TechnologyUnited StatesSystem designSoftware engineering

IBM provides enterprise software, hybrid-cloud technology and consulting services.

Original company-context practice, not verified company interview questions. Use the business setting to explain technical choices clearly.

01 / PRACTICE IN CONTEXT

Two problems to reason through.

Clarify assumptions before reading the model answer. Discuss what would change with different constraints.

Original company-context practiceHard

System design

Isolate tenant-specific retrieval caches

International Business Machines Corporation · Concept

Original practice scenario: A hypothetical enterprise assistant serves several organizations using shared infrastructure. How should caching avoid cross-tenant evidence disclosure?

Read model answer

Cache identity must include the authorization and content context that affects a result. A shared query string alone is unsafe when tenants have different documents or permissions.

Work through it

  1. Include tenant, entitlement scope, document snapshot and retrieval configuration in cache keys; avoid placing sensitive raw prompts in observable identifiers.
  2. Revalidate access when cached evidence is consumed, expire or invalidate entries after permission changes and keep per-tenant limits on cache growth.
  3. Test identical queries across tenants, revoked roles, document replacement and concurrent invalidation; inspect logs and metrics for accidental content exposure.

Tradeoffs to discuss

  • Fine-grained keys improve isolation and freshness but reduce cache reuse; coarse keys require stronger filtering and are easier to misuse.

Common pitfalls

  • Do not assume tenant separation in the user interface enforces data separation.
  • A cached generated answer can remain sensitive even when its cited document has been removed.
Open full question
Original company-context practiceHard

Software engineering

Evolve an enterprise event contract gradually

International Business Machines Corporation · Concept

Original practice scenario: A fictional enterprise platform changes an event field from one address string to structured address components while old consumers remain active.

Read model answer

Use an explicit compatibility window and independently test old and new readers. Changing a field's shape in place can break consumers even if the new producer considers its own output valid.

Work through it

  1. Publish a versioned schema or additive fields, define how legacy strings and structured values coexist, and preserve unknown fields where the protocol requires it.
  2. Deploy tolerant consumers first, then producers, with contract fixtures covering absent, null, legacy and new representations plus conflicting values.
  3. Measure remaining legacy usage, document rollback behavior and remove deprecated fields only after the supported compatibility period and evidence justify it.

Tradeoffs to discuss

  • Dual representations simplify transition but can diverge; a single canonical internal form and documented precedence reduce ambiguity.

Common pitfalls

  • Do not infer consumer readiness from producer deployment success.
  • Schema validation alone cannot establish that the new fields retain the original business meaning.
Open full question

02 / STRENGTHEN THE FOUNDATIONS

Related technical practice.

Browse company questions

03 / TEST AN APPROACH

Suggested coding exercises.

Exercises selected for these technical tracks. They are independent practice with visible tests and public solutions.

Study list: PwC Global Top 100 companies by market capitalisation, 2026 · 31 March 2026.

Keep learning beyond the interview.

Explore the Learning Hub